BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS OF ENGLISH

PRESENT
(generic)
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
PAST
FUTURE
every day,
usually,
sometimes, etc.
now
at the moment
yesterday,
last week, etc.
tomorrow,
next week, etc.
1
B
E
Aff
Int
Neg
I'm busy.
Are you busy?
I'm not busy.
---
---
---
I was busy.
Were you busy?
I wasn't busy.
I'm going to be busy.
Are you going to be busy?
I'm not going to be busy.
=
=
=
I'll be busy.
Will you be busy?
I won't be busy.
2
D
O
Aff
Int
Neg
I speak English.
Do you speak English?
I don't speak French.
I'm speaking English.
Are you speaking English?
I'm not speaking English.
I spoke English.
Did you speak English?
I didn't speak English.
I'm going to speak English.
Are you going to speak English?
I'm not going to speak English.
=
=
=
I'll speak English.
Will you speak English?
Iwon't speak English.

PATTERN 1 - BE Phrases (all auxiliaries): be, will, have (auxiliary), would, can, may, might, should, must, shall. Todos as frases que no afirmativo já tiverem verbo auxiliar, seguem este esquema de formação.

PATTERN 2 - DO Phrases: all the rest, including regular and irregular verbs. Observe que o tempo chamado de presente normalmente não corresponde ao momento presente (Ex: I speak English / I'm a doctor), expressando um significado genérico, fora do tempo.

Sobre a diferença entre os dois futuros veja: Várias formas de expressar idéias no futuro.