<<How can I say that a "bala arde a boca" and "espuma de cerveja"?>>

"Wow! This stuff tastes so icy-cold my mouth and my throat went numb!"

<<Would it be "this gum is hot" and "beer foam/froth"?>>

"Damned icy-cold-North-Pole gum! It knocked out my mouth and my throat!" (Yeah, I had to turn on the "Kick-O-Meter" for this one." (Chutômetro)

Knock the foam off your glass of beer. Knock the beer foam off. "Beer foam" gets said a lot.

<<How can I say that "minha casa ficou sem luz ontem à noite"?>>

"A local power shortage knocked out all the lights in my house"

Other will distinctly offer better sentences right off the Bureau of Better Sentence.