In some senses, yes.   At a time, the term is used to refer to a uneducated white farmer especially in the South.    I read it in Random House Dict.

    Also there is another definition that means a reactionary worker; especially from the rural working class (but, I have seen it in management books of the 50s´ with a certain

sense of 'troublemaker' laborers/employees.

     Today, I´m not so sure; but I guess the second and third definitions are more in vogue.   I mean, the word seems to be more and more used not in your original 'caipira' sense [that was more, say, romantic than 'troublemaker'].

     Let´s wait to confirm.