Pronunciation of the Past Tense of Regular Verbs in English

Ricardo E. Schütz
Atualizado em 21 de novembro de 2006

A) Sempre que a pronúncia do verbo no infinitivo terminar em vogal ou consoante sonora, a pronúncia do sufixo "_ed" será /d/. Ex:
( ' ) indica início da sílaba tônica.

play /pley/ - played /pleyd/
grab /græb/ - grabbed /græbd/
brag /bræg/ - bragged /brægd/
live /lIv/ - lived /lIvd/
use /yuwz/ - used /yuwzd/
engage /In'geydj/ - engaged /In'geydjd/
blame /bleym/ - blamed /bleymd/
listen /lIsn/ - listened /lIsnd/
control /kən'trowl/ - controlled /kən'trowld/
repair /riy'per/ - repaired /riy'perd/

stop /stap/ - stopped /stapt/
work /wərk/ - worked /wərkt/
laugh /læf/ - laughed /læft/
miss /mIs/ - missed /mIst/
cash /kæsh/ - cashed /kæsht/
watch /wɔtsh/ - watched /wɔtsht/

need /niyd/ - needed /'niydəd/
attend /ə'tend/ - attended /ə'tendəd/
visit /'vIzət/ - visited /'vIzətəd/
create /kriy'eyt/ - created /kriy'eytəd/
want /wɔnt/ - wanted /'wɔntəd/
print /prInt/ - printed /'prIntəd/

crooked /'krUkəd/ - desonesto
learned /'lərnəd/ - instruído, erudito
naked /'neykəd/ - nu
rugged /'rəgəd/ - áspero, irregular, acidentado
wicked /'wIkəd/ - mau, cruel, perverso

*/d/*	A) When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends in a vowel or voiced consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /d/. Ex: ( ' ) indicates beginning of stressed syllable.	A) Sempre que a pronúncia do verbo no infinitivo terminar em vogal ou consoante sonora, a pronúncia do sufixo "_ed" será /d/. Ex: ( ' ) indica início da sílaba tônica.
play /pley/ - played /pleyd/ grab /græb/ - grabbed /græbd/ brag /bræg/ - bragged /brægd/ live /lIv/ - lived /lIvd/ use /yuwz/ - used /yuwzd/ engage /In'geydj/ - engaged /In'geydjd/ blame /bleym/ - blamed /bleymd/ listen /lIsn/ - listened /lIsnd/ control /kən'trowl/ - controlled /kən'trowld/ repair /riy'per/ - repaired /riy'perd/
*/t/*	B) When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with a voiceless consonant, the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /t/. Ex:	B) Sempre que a pronúncia do verbo no infinitivo terminar em consoante surda, a pronúncia do sufixo "_ed" será /t/. Ex:
stop /stap/ - stopped /stapt/ work /wərk/ - worked /wərkt/ laugh /læf/ - laughed /læft/ miss /mIs/ - missed /mIst/ cash /kæsh/ - cashed /kæsht/ watch /wɔtsh/ - watched /wɔtsht/
*/d/*	C) When the pronunciation of the infinitive ends with an alveolar stop consonant – /d/ or /t/, – the pronunciation of the _ed suffix will be /d/. Ex:	C) Sempre que a pronúncia do verbo no infinitivo terminar em consoante oclusiva alveolar – /d/ ou /t/, – a pronúncia do sufixo "_ed" será /d/. Ex:
need /niyd/ - needed /'niydəd/ attend /ə'tend/ - attended /ə'tendəd/ visit /'vIzət/ - visited /'vIzətəd/ create /kriy'eyt/ - created /kriy'eytəd/ want /wɔnt/ - wanted /'wɔntəd/ print /prInt/ - printed /'prIntəd/
The above rules apply only to the past tense and past participle of verbs. They do not apply to adjectives. Ex:		As regras acima referem-se apenas ao sufixo _ed do passado e particípio passado dos verbos regulares, e não de adjetivos, como por exemplo:
crooked /'krUkəd/ - desonesto learned /'lərnəd/ - instruído, erudito naked /'neykəd/ - nu rugged /'rəgəd/ - áspero, irregular, acidentado wicked /'wIkəd/ - mau, cruel, perverso